Tumor fibroso solitario de páncreas: reporte de caso

[Solitary fibrous tumor of the pancreas: case report]

Marco Antonio Achurra Olmos1, David Espinosa1, Iván Díaz1, Ruth Vergara1, María Della Sera2

1. Instituto Oncológico Nacional, Panamá, Rep. de Panamá; 2. Hospital Rafael Hernández L., Panamá, Rep. de Panamá.

Publicado: 2024-01-01

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Resumen

Introducción: El tumor fibroso solitario (TFS) es una neoplasia maligna derivada de mesénquima, puede ocurrir en cualquier parte del cuerpo. Lüttges y col. describieron por primera vez TFS que afectaba al páncreas. En la actualidad hay aproximadamente 30 casos publicados a nivel mundial. Presentación de caso: presentamos el caso de una paciente femenina que durante su puerperio acude a evaluación debido a malestar epigástrico poco caracterizado y saciedad temprana. Estudios de imagen evidencian lesión a nivel de cuerpo de páncreas. Se Intenta documentar etiología mediante biopsia, con resultado no concluyente por lo cual se realiza pancreatectomía distal para diagnóstico y tratamiento. La patología muestra tumor fibroso solitario de páncreas. Estos tumores plantean un desafío diagnostico a nivel histopatológico por lo cual es indispensable realizar inmunohistoquímica para obtener un diagnóstico preciso. Realizamos la inmunohistoquímica para NAB2-STAT6 evidenciando la positividad de la prueba y de esta manera estableciendo el diagnostico. A Nivel molecular la fusión del gen NAB2-STAT6 codifica una proteína con activación transcripcional para familias EGFR, impulsando así la carcinogénesis. Otros casos han mostrado asociación del TFS con el embarazo, sin embargo, en nuestro caso el tumor no expreso receptores hormonales. Conclusión: Presentamos un caso clínico con diagnóstico de tumor fibroso solitario de páncreas, evidenciando lo indispensable de las pruebas inmunohistoquímicas para el diagnóstico. La positividad para STAT6 es actualmente el estándar de oro para este tipo de tumores. Actualmente la paciente se encuentra en seguimiento y sin datos clínicos o imagenológicos sugestivos de actividad tumoral.


Abstract

Introduction: Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a mesenchymal-derived malignant neoplasm, it can occur anywhere in the body. Lüttges et al. first described TFS affecting the pancreas. There are currently approximately 30 published cases worldwide. Case presentation: we present the case of a female patient who presented for evaluation during her puerperium due to poorly characterized epigastric discomfort and early satiety. Imaging studies revealed a lesion at the level of the pancreatic body. An attempt was made to document the etiology by biopsy, with inconclusive results, so a distal pancreatectomy was performed for diagnosis and treatment. Pathology showed solitary fibrous tumor of the pancreas. These tumors pose a diagnostic challenge at the histopathological level, so it is essential to perform immunohistochemistry to obtain an accurate diagnosis. We performed immunohistochemistry for NAB2-STAT6 showing the positivity of the test and thus establishing the diagnosis. At the molecular level the NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion encodes a protein with transcriptional activation for EGFR families, thus driving carcinogenesis. Other cases have shown association of TFS with pregnancy, however, in our case the tumor did not express hormone receptors. Conclusion: We present a clinical case with a diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor of the pancreas, demonstrating the indispensability of immunohistochemical tests for diagnosis. STAT6 positivity is currently the gold standard for this type of tumor. The patient is currently being followed up with no clinical or imaging data suggestive of tumor activity.

Citas

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