Características metabólicas en infarto agudo de miocardio

[Metabolic characteristics in acute myocardial infarction]

Jhoel Amores1, Josué González2, Anthonier Hinestroza2, Yisell Guerra1

1. Hospital Santo Tomás, Panamá, Rep. de Panamá; 2. Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Rep. de Panamá.

Publicado: 2024-01-01

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Resumen

Introducción: las alteraciones del control glicémico y los lípidos son causas principales de enfermedad cardiovascular. Sin embargo, los patrones metabólicos en el infarto agudo de miocardio no están bien establecidos. Objetivo: el propósito de esta investigación es describir las características metabólicas en pacientes admitidos con infarto de miocardio. Clasificamos los pacientes según el cociente HDL-c/LDL-c y perfiles lipídicos. Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo en pacientes admitidos al Servicio de Cardiología con infarto agudo de miocardio durante un año. Resultados: 97 pacientes fueron incluidos, predominó el sexo masculino (67%) y el promedio de edad fue 59 años (SD, ±9.9). Las características metabólicas fueron las siguientes: mediana de hemoglobina glicosilada 6.2% (IQR, 5.8-7.5), glucemia en ayunas 107 mg/dL (IQR, 99-152), colesterol total 201 mg/dL (IQR, 165-223), colesterol asociado a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL-c) 123 mg/dL (IQR, 96-146), colesterol asociado a lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL-c) 38.2 mg/dL (IQR, 31.8-45.4) y triglicéridos (TG) 161 mg/dL (IQR, 103-234). El cociente HDL-c/LDL-c <0.4 estuvo presente en 75% de los pacientes. Los patientes fueron clasificados según perfiles lipídicos, donde el perfil L-1 [HDL-c ≤40, LDL-c <150, TG <200] y L-2 [HDL-c >40, LDL-c <150, TG <200] en conjunto representaron la mitad de la muestra. Conclusiones: prediabetes, bajos niveles de HDL-c y un cociente HDL-c/LDL-c <0.4 fueron hallazgos frecuentes en infarto de miocardio. La relación entre patrones metabólicos y el riesgo de infarto de miocardio debe ser investigada.


Abstract

Introduction: Alterations in glycemic control and lipids are the main causes of cardiovascular disease. However, metabolic patterns in acute myocardial infarction are not well established. Objective: The purpose of this research is to describe the metabolic characteristics of patients admitted with myocardial infarction. We classified patients according to HDL-c/LDL-c ratio and lipid profiles. Method: observational, descriptive, retrospective study in patients admitted to the Cardiology Department with acute myocardial infarction for one year. Results: 97 patients were included, males predominated (67%) and the mean age was 59 years (SD, ±9.9). Metabolic characteristics were as follows: median glycosylated hemoglobin 6.2% (IQR, 5.8-7.5), fasting blood glucose 107 mg/dL (IQR, 99-152), total cholesterol 201 mg/dL (IQR, 165-223), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) 123 mg/dL (IQR, 96-146), high-density lipoprotein-associated cholesterol (HDL-c) 38.2 mg/dL (IQR, 31.8-45.4) and triglycerides (TG) 161 mg/dL (IQR, 103-234). The HDL-c/LDL-c ratio <0.4 was present in 75% of patients. Patients were classified according to lipid profiles, where the L-1 HDL-c ≤ 40, LDL-c <150, TG <200] and L-2 ]HDL-c >40, LDL-c <150, TG <200] together represented half of the sample. Conclusions: prediabetes, low HDL-c levels, and an HDL-c/LDL-c ratio <0.4 were frequent findings in myocardial infarction. The relationship between metabolic patterns and the risk of myocardial infarction should be investigated.

Citas

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